HR data collection Essay

HR data collection makes company able to measure against it supporting workforce planning, monitoring progress and development, developing initiatives for generic cases. It identifies and analyses information to aid the organization in making ultimate decisions both beneficial to the organization and its employees. Two reasons considered closely. Through HR data collection an organisation can: 1) comply with legislative and regulatory requirements regarding equal opportunities, equal pay audits, recruitment, assessing skills balance, absence recording. 2) monitor training and performance for employees, assessing each individual employee for productivity and identifying training needs. That means assessing the productivity within the business. Being well informed about the workforce is the key to aim the ultimate goal of the organization. Data collection enables management team to make informed decisions about future activity. Two types of data collected and their support: 1) Attendances is useful to monitor and gauge daily working hours and monitor absences. That enables HR to manage regular absentees successful and deal with any issues the employee might have. 2) Organisational records which includes: staff turnover, absenteeism, recruitment documentation, learning and development. HR department can monitor staff level making decision about a further recruitment process. It is also essential collecting and updating employee records such as home addresses and people to contact in time of emergency. These information are helpful where the employee not to come to work without notice. Records can be stored: 1) Electronically through computerised system. In this way organization can keep information up to date easily and any information can be sent and received rapidly. It also reduce company costs and the amount of data can be stored with no taking up much office space and they can be sorted, found, moved and protected easily. 2) Manually in paper format. In this case the risk of corrupted data is less and information are accessible in any time considering occurrences of power cuts or electronic system crashes. Moreover problems with duplicates of the same record are usually avoided. Two items of UK legislation relating to recording and storing HR data: 1) Data Protection Act, 1998. It concerns all personal records whether held in paper or electronic format. The act contains eight protection principles specifying personal data must be: – Processed fairly and lawfully. – Obtained for specified and lawful purposes. – Adequate, relevant and not excessive. – Accurate and up to date. – Not kept any longer than necessary. – Processed in accordance with the â€Å"data subject’s† (the individual’s) rights. – Securely kept. – Not transferred to any other country outside the EU without adequate protection in situ. 2) Freedom of Information Act, 2000. It allows people to ask any public body for information on both any subject an organization has and themselves too. So that the act encourages organization to be transparent and, unless a valid reason, the organization must provide requested information within 20 working days. Through this act people can access to informations needed and ensure they are not exploited or used inappropriately.

A Mystery of Heroism by Stephen Crane

Stephen Crane’s story entitled â€Å"A Mystery of Heroism† can be said as a great story in terms of using signs, symbols, language use, power, and character emotion.Crane used different expressive words to show the readers the situation of the soldiers while waiting for a big battle. They were not good-looking because of the dust and dirt that went through their bodies and uniforms. The readers would truly understand the life and situation of the field where group of soldiers were looking forward to death as they march their bodies into the forest without any assurance of being alive.Personally, I can say that Crane made a good attack of simple yet significant kind of heroism in his story. He showed that heroism is not always about dying for your country or people; it can also be shown as you face the risk of death for your own sake and for your company soldiers. It illustrates simplicity when it comes to the main conflict of the story – thirstiness.The soldiers are all thirsty but they refrain from going to the well for it will be the entry point to hell but Collins faced his fear of death and went to the well. For him, going to the well and get some drink would give him strength rather than ignoring his thirst and went to the battle and die.As first, his comrades influenced him to get some drink but as soon as he gets there, his dignity raised him to conquer his fear from all the manifestation of death that may surround him.As what the narrator described Collins, he was just a simple man with imperfection and uncertainties in life. He depicts Collins as â€Å"irritable, childish, and diabolical,† (Crane, 494).It means that though he was dignified as a man that led him to become a hero; he is an imperfect person with circumstances and irrational beliefs during his teenage years and can be the same while he was in the battle.However, Crane wanted to show that heroism is not about being perfect to face your lifetime. He wanted to shar e his thought that despite of all the flaws that a person has, he would still be proclaim as a hero once he makes a difference for the goodness of many.He used the setting soldier’s battle in the forest for it was always the situation where young men became heroes of the contemporary world. However, the irony within here is that heroism does not went through the battle itself fighting enemies to win the pride of the nation but doing a simple task to make all the comrades live by giving them liquid to refresh their empty and knuckled bodies.As I read the story, I felt sorrow and pain towards the soldiers. They need to be tough outside of their being even if they were weak within their souls.Through this, it can be seen that even they do not have the courage to do much things for their comrades and nation; they were already heroes of the country for they show the world that they could face the reality of death even if they do not deserve to die. It shows that they were all hero es from the day they went to the battle until they breathe their last.As a conclusion to this, Crane depicts the story of human heroism. It is a simple representation of true brotherhood and toughness. All soldiers deserve a great award for all their sacrifices and strength. Though it was a fictional story, the readers can feel the truthfulness of reality in the society. It showed that being a soldier is not just a simple job but a passionate responsibility to whole nation and they need to survive to be the armor of salvation.Work CitedCrane, Stephen. â€Å"A Mystery of Heroism†   p.490-496, 1895

The Movie Mulholland Drive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Movie Mulholland Drive - Essay Example The movie starts with a story that seems like that of any other thriller movie but as the movie moves ahead, the story becomes highly twisted. The viewer can not predict what would happen next and this fact makes the story more thrilling. The writer of the story obviously has done a wonderful job hiding the contents or the ‘knowledge’ associated with the fantasy and the reality portions of the story. As a result, the writer deliberately uses the movie to serve an epistemological purpose. Although the fantasy and the real base story are almost completely opposite to each other in the movie, they are very much related to each other. They are similar both are haunted by an undefined guilt and a desire for blissful unity. Further, the characters in both the works are the people that the two main characters know. Hence, both of the stories have been written so well that each of them makes perfect sense and still, interestingly, the reason is not the only thing needed to understand the plot. The movie is a dream and an illusion that defies waking logic and yet seems remarkably complete and seamless. (Ruch, 2001) It is through this that the director tries to portray how sometimes real knowledge cannot be distinguished from the false one as both may seem so authentic and absolute. This idea directly questions how different kinds of knowledge can be differentiated and so the storyline comes under the realm of epistemology. Both of the narrations are also similar because of the presence of a simple concept. Both take place in the dreaming conscious of a single protagonist, Diane Selwyn. Diane (or Betty in the hallucination) is a character that is mostly dominated by emotions of envy and some darker feelings- there is a part of the character that seeks to consume the object of her desire.  

Philosophy of life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy of life - Essay Example Working with such famous philosophers as Aristotle, Immanuel Kant and Bernard Russell helps to investigate some interesting philosophical problems, make your own conclusions and answer your own questions. The main questions expressed in this work concern the existence of absolute criteria of good and evil, right and wrong. â€Å"Absolute† means that these criteria are universal and do not depend upon the point of view of the estimator and can be viewed from different angles. This work researches concrete examples and compares them with the standard way of judgment and sorting out the expression of human nature. The existence or absence of absolute criteria of good and evil depends upon the frame of philosophical system they are being searched in. They cannot be observed separately, taking out from a particular system. There are a lot of examples which are double-barreled. A rubber on the road stole a large bag of money from a man. On the one hand, from the robber’s point of view this action is considered as â€Å"good† because he can use the stolen money for his own needs and pleasures. On the other hand, from the victim’s point of view it is considered as â€Å"evil† definitely, because he was kept out of his honestly earned money. In this example the concept of â€Å"good† and â€Å"evil† is relative. There were very few philosophers in the history who created integral and logically finished systems. Here such names as Emmanuel Kant, Platon, Georg Hegel and Arthur Schopenhauer can be mentioned. Some of their arguments are disputable, some of them weren’t proved but in general their system is logically complete. While analyzing it we can notice one very interesting principle. If the philosophical system is complete, then one of its thesis is followed by another one and so forth. It is impossible to take one of its statements and reject another one. At the heart of any system there are always some axioms which do not come from other thesis

Rethinking Islam In The Contemporary World Case Study

Rethinking Islam In The Contemporary World - Case Study Example According to the Islamic religion, the Muslim people believe that there is only one God and the main purpose behind their existence in this world is to love and serve Allah. However, with the passing days and the increasing terrorist activities by people framing themselves to be belonging to the Islamic religion, it has forced global populaces to think negatively about the religion and its people. Muslim and Islam are viewed to have occupied a central role in the media industry especially in countries such as the UK and the US, especially after the Salman Rushdie affair, the riots that conflicted in the Middle East and the global war on terrorism (Sian, Law, and Sayyid 229-272). Additionally, issues surrounding multiculturalism, conduction of crime by the people belonging to the Islam religion, their way of gaining and providing education, the increasing immigration of the Muslim in different parts of the world and their tradition of wearing Burqa have resulted in considering Muslims as the focus of numerous public issues (Day, â€Å"Can the burqa be stylish?†). The main objective of this study is to provide a list of major issues that have been surrounding Muslim people in the West and how do they compare to Muslims living in Muslim/Arab countries. The study would also provide verses from the Qur’an which would depict that Islam does not promote any proscribed activities or support such actions as a part of the religious practices since its existence. The increasing proscribed activities along with religion politics, social and economic development in recent years are viewed to have altered the relation amid Western, European and Islamic societies. People belonging to the Non-Muslim and Muslim religions are viewed to be the prime victims of illegal activities which have resulted in aggravating the misunderstanding amid people belonging to different religions on one side and Islam on the other side.

Strategists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategists - Essay Example (7-8) Machiavelli, meanwhile, introduced the concept of the â€Å"just war† in his exhortation on Italians to recapture their own land: â€Å"You have justice on your side; for war is just which is necessary and it is piety to fight where no hope is left in anything else.† (cited in McAlpine 2000, 6) For these two philosophers war or preparedness to engage in it is fundamental for the survival of a state. In regard to military strategy, Sun Tzu captures something of the sense of Machiavelli’s last words in the Prince when he stressed the importance of a positive attitude and the goodness of opportunity – seizing the occasion to put something right, to make a person, place or thing better. According to Sun Tzu, one who foresees victory before a battle will most probably win and that, one who predicts not much of a chance of winning before the fight, will most probably not win. This principle of unashamed act of winning is supported by this text of The Art of War: â€Å"If fighting is sure to result in victory, then you must fight, even though the ruler forbids it; if fighting will not result in victory, then you must not fight even at the ruler’s bidding.† (158) Machiavelli’s assertion that men have evil in them as well as good is an important factor when considering his perspectives on leadership. This is highlighted in his discourse of what characterize the ideal prince. Machiavelli believed that a prince as a leader needed above all to pursue virtue, but not the one in the traditional sense. Machiavelli often told the reader that qualities traditionally called virtuous in the Christian or feudal senses were not virtuous at all in a prince. For Machiavelli, a prince who truly understand virtue – in the sense of the qualities needed to perpetuate his state and his own power – would prefer ‘vice’ of meanness, say to the virtue of

Undrerstanding & organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Undrerstanding & organisation - Essay Example The existing structure gave a considerable amount of autonomy to the personnel at the operational level to make decisions, whilst each member of staff, depending on their area of expertise, had the power to veto any decisions made by the rest of the personnel. The changes were proposed by the then deputy chair and managing director of the supermarket chain Sainsbury’s, who famously claimed that the NHS was devoid of management that can make firm decisions and not always resort to consultation with doctors or senior clinical staff, as was prevalent due to the consensus management style.The following is an analysis of the NHS case with regards to the changes brought about in the general structure of the organisation with the introduction of the concept of general management to exercise control and coordination of activities, as opposed to the consensus management style that existed prior to the changes. The existing structure gave a considerable amount of autonomy to the personn el at the operational level to make decisions, whilst each member of staff, depending on their area of expertise, had the power to veto any decisions made by the rest of the personnel. This was referred to as a ‘lowest common denominator’ style of decision making. Griffith, however, proposed a more management oriented structure, where line managers would be introduced for each unit or hospital, and these managers will carry the sole responsibility of making decisions, applying control measures especially where finances are concerned, and overall coordination of activities within the guidelines provided to achieve strategic objectives. Understanding the environmental circumstances which prompted the need for such changes in a nationalised organisation would provide more insight as to why such measures were necessary, and what these changes have implied for the organisation over the years. One method to study the environment is the PEST analysis, which stands for an under standing of the Political, Economical, Sociological and Technological aspects of the market environment (Johnson et al, 2008; Kotler et al, 2006). The political, economical, and sociological aspects in relation to the NHS case are quite intertwined, as this was a period when Britain was undergoing many changes as a result of the economic recession that started in the preceding years, and the young conservative government under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher was in the process of making many difficult decisions to turn the economy around and to reduce unemployment that hit the three million mark during this time. In addition to this, the Falkland war, albeit won the British public’s admiration of the Thatcher government, resulted in additional expenditure, along with added burden of sustaining existing nationalised businesses, which meant increase in taxes and the resultant inflation. This has caused the government to take stringent measures where financing was concerned specifically for nationalised organisations like the NHS. The government also fully or partly privatised many other initially nationalised organisations to extend some of the burdens to more profitable private entities. It could be that pure observation of how, many private firms have operated profitably during the economic recession, by employing measures of cutting costs, dissolving unwanted business operations, removing redundant personnel etc may have motivated the government to employ similar measures in the nationalised businesses. This seems fitting to the fact that the opinions of an executive from a supermarket chain were taken aboard, and then implemented as in the case of the NHS. The aim, however, was to include a certain degree of competitiveness within nationalised organisations in relation to other organisations in the market, which may result in profitability and expansion, and ultimately creation of new jobs (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920566-3 ,00.html). Another political factor playing an important role during this period was the influx of immigrants despite the government’s best efforts to curb it. Margaret Thatcher’s government was faced with problems related to incoming immigrants from Asian Commonwealth countries like India and Pakistan, and refugees from other regions, and measures had to be

Team Building Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Building - Term Paper Example In this regard, there are team building exercises that have been proven to assist in conflict resolution in an organizational setting. The objective of this essay therefore, is to present and describe a team-building exercise for conflict resolution that could be applicable in an organizational atmosphere. Team-Building Exercise Usually, the sources of conflicts within groups are the incongruence of goals, interests, and lack of accurate perception of each member’s personalities and preferences. Conflict behavior could be manifested through overt (or covert) expressions of hostility between members of the group and deliberate interference with each other’s activities. Human behavior practitioners have identified a number of approaches to resolve conflicts within groups through group meetings, brainstorming, group dynamics and team-building exercises, and sensitivity training (Martires and Fule, 2004, pp.114 – 118). Group dynamics and team-building exercises are t echniques that enable group members to articulate their actual experiences, emote their feelings, sentiments and emotions on certain aspects, areas or problems with the aid of a facilitator. The process helps members get a clear understanding of the problem and gain insights into the situation. One example of team-building exercises that can be presented within an organizational setting is the Brown Bag Discussion (Destination Imagination, n.d., p. 6). The details that indicate the goals, materials, directions, and variations are as follows: Brown Bag Discussion â€Å"Goal: To have an opportunity to discuss group issues in a fair way Materials: Small pieces of paper, paper bag Directions: Have each person write down, on a small piece of paper, the topic that they think the group should discuss most. Have them fold the paper twice and deposit it in the bag. Shake the bag and take turns drawing out a topic, reading it and discussing it. Make sure that the person who wrote the topic i s satisfied with the discussion before you move on the next topic. Remind people to use "I "statements. Variations: Have the group write down questions to make it a an icebreaker, or write down different quotes and draw them out one at a time and talked about what they mean to the group† (Destination Imagination, n.d., p. 6) The exercise is simple to understand and to implement within the organizational setting and requires very minimal materials that are easy to procure. Further, as the directions indicate, the topic that the group could focus for the discussion could be the current conflict being experienced among group members. By doing so, with the assistance of a facilitator, the members would be illumined on the possible ways to resolve the conflict as heard from the insights and comments of each member. Also, to lighten up the discussion, the variation is a helpful technique that could provide an ice breaker for the discussion; rather than merely focusing on the serious ness of the conflict resolution topic. An ice breaker could be in the form of group activities that require actions, games, and even fun endeavors that would stimulate much needed respite from the formalities of the discussion. In the end, the facilitator should identify which among

Analysis of Two Learning Environment Designs Essay

Analysis of Two Learning Environment Designs - Essay Example The authors conducted a literature review on the significance of working memory and cognitive load on learning performance of students and how the use of multimedia enables the learners to improve their learning by reducing the extraneous cognitive load on the part of the learners. It also discussed the impact of short- and long-term memory in solving problem-based cases, the effects of problem types on students’ thinking process. Based on the literature gathered, the authors conducted a research study to test 3 hypotheses: (H1) participants in synchronized interactive multimedia will outperform unsynchronized interactive media in solving multiple rule-based problem-solving; (H2) Synchronized and unsynchronized multimedia could affect learners’ spatial ability and performance; (H3) demographic factors could affect learners’ ability to solve problems. Study result confirms that all three hypotheses were true.

An Important Macro-Environmental Force in Vietnam Essay Example for Free

An Important Macro-Environmental Force in Vietnam Essay QUESTION 1: An important macro-environmental force on companies is the social/cultural environment, particularly in international markets. Imagine that you are to offer a seminar on the social/cultural environment of Vietnam to foreign businessmen and marketers. Discuss at least three elements of the cultural environment that foreign businessmen should be aware of when doing business in Vietnam. Use specific examples referring to real-life businesses, brands, marketing activities, etc. to support your discussion. Social/cultural forces are the most difficult uncontrollable variables to predict. It is important for marketers to understand and appreciate the cultural values of the environment in which they operate. The cultural environment is made up of forces that affect societys basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. The Vietnamese value system is based on four basic tenets: allegiance to the family, yearning for a good name, love of learning, and respect for other people. These tenets are closely interrelated and based on three main religions which are Buddhism, Confucianism and Christianity. Changes in social/cultural environment affect customer behavior, which affects sales of products. Trends in the cultural environment include individuals changing their views of themselves, others, and the world around them and movement toward self-fulfillment, immediate gratification, and secularism. Firstly, in term of role of people in business environment, the women are not expected to reach high position. This is due to influence of Confucianism, which teach people that a woman should devote all her life to take care of household more than going out to seek foods. The woman is rarely appointed to the first position in a company because man who is lower position usually tends to against the commands coming from a woman. In contrast, a man is expected to become boss who should show his knowledge, learning and power. Secondly, Sex is very sensitive issue so that you should avoid it as much as possible. From an advertisement to a uniform should not be more provocative and especially avoid using obscene words in public conversation. The more you are polite the more you have respect from the others. Furthermore,  rewards and slogans are a part of business. In Viet Nam one of the tenets is earning for good name, so people tend to work hard for reaching some rewards or reputation. It seems that Viet Nam is one of countries, which has the most slogans. People usually act upon â€Å"syndrome crowd† but not patient, so it is better to change your company’s slogan frequently in order to collect and motivate workers following that slogan or the company’s goals. Finally, there are some rules out of laws you should know before starting business in Viet Nam. In some case, you are clearly right, yet someone who holds right making decision say that it is wrong, you can do no things except use some tricks to pass. â€Å"Chá º ¡y† means â€Å"Run†, which uses negatively money covered in the names called gifts, is the most popular way to succeed in document procedures or get some competitive advantages. QUESTION 2: Consider the five stages in the adoption process of a new product, and refer to a major purchase you have made. Identify, describe and discuss each step of that process, using your own case to support your discussion. Be sure to be specific and provide as detailed a description of your adoption process, as possible. You should also discuss the different influences and forces that impacted your purchasing decision. This MBA course is the most major purchase that I have ever bought. In term of considering the adoption process of this course, there are five stages which made me lead to this decision. Firstly, at the beginning of the process, the stage of awareness, which means that the consumer becomes aware of the innovation but lacks information about it. In my situation, I made this plan for a year ago but did not know where I could apply and how its quality was. I started to search for essential information about this course before opened six months ago. After gathering much of raw information, there were four choices which I could make such as RMIT, Hawaii, Columbia and Troy. Secondly, in the Interest stage I began to analyze that information, which could classified into some categories or criterions. Basing on these terms, I matched them to my requirements and made a decision for the most suitable. Finance was the first my issue because all of these course had the  quite high fee. I removed any course that I could not afford. Quality was the second issue I considered very much because I did not want to invest the big money for getting nothing. Time was the last one, which could impact on my decision. It was not only how long this course took and what time a class began. Moreover, I called assistants for more detail information about this course and asked them to send me some materials related to it. Therefore, I had a quite clear view of those courses and easier to make the final decision. Next, after all things considered, I chose MBA program of Troy, which was the most suitable and met more requirements. Those were the fee that I could pay for, the time that I could arrange with work. This happened in the Evaluation stage of adoption process. In the next stage, Trial, in my opinion this might be the transfer course time because I could evaluate the quality and quantity of this program. How was about teachers? Should did I continue or not? And finally, I decided to take this course –Troy MBA 5th intake in March. QUESTION 3: Refer to the article: VN has lucrative retail market: Research and Markets, from Vietnam News (June 15, 2011), copied below. 1. In your opinion, what are the reasons why modern retail concepts may work in Vietnam. Vietnam is famous for a traditional retail, with much many of convenience stores and mini markets placing at anywhere as possible. Therefore, people are formed a habit to buy their needs there. However, I personally believe that a modern retail formats will develop in the short future. There are some reasons why this kind of retail is able to compete with the traditional retail stores embedded in society. Firstly, Vietnam is a developing country with economic growth of around 6.8 per cent in 2010 and will be kept steady for some next years. This means that average income will be increased and then demands more for variety products, quantity and quality of products as well. Consumers tend to buy products that may be different, style, fashion, or special with mass volume and expected price. All things create a strong force for traditional store or mini market, where only offers convenience goods with limited brands, how to meet those demands. Time by time, these stores are not able to satisfy customers’  increasing needs, so that is time the modern retails such as supermarket or hypermarket develops. The second reason is a change of lifestyle. The young generation is more active and dynamic and shopping is one of the most favorite outside activities. Shopping now is not just for buying something but also for enjoying and relaxing. Furthermore, modern people have less time for buying, so they usually go shopping for much more goods in once and then put all of them in refrigerator. The supermarket or hypermarket can meet these requirements easily. The third reason is a strong influence of western culture, which is appearing more clearly recently. The Internet is developing very quickly in Vietnam, so people are able to access to information about western countries easily. The young people tend to western-oriented life, they respect and pursue the modern world with arranged colorful big cities, luxurious cars, and entertainment industry. This changes the way they live and go shopping. Finally, in term of demography, according to the General Statistic Office (GSO) Vietnam population in 2011 in total was 90,549,390 (July 2011 est.) with median age about 27.8 years. This means majority of the population is young and working class with higher purchasing power. The low median age of population means a higher current consumption rate which augurs well for the retail sector. This youthful, exuberant generation, bred on success will not drive the productivity but also set a spiraling effect on consumption and generation of income. 2. In your opinion, are there any pitfalls? If so, explain. There are some pitfalls, in my opinion, in retail market in Vietnam. Shopping habit is the most important one of those. Going to convenience store or mini market to buy necessary things every day is the way the Vietnamese have been doing for a long time. â€Å"Chá » £Ã¢â‚¬  (small market or store) merges in everywhere that makes people more comfortable to buy. Just walk out of home several feet steps, you can encounter many of small stores in  which they sell almost the vital things for living. Moreover, 80% of population of Vietnam who are living in rural areas, where are lack of information about modern life. Thus, retailers should gradually penetrate to these markets to form a shopping habit instead of investing a big budget in style and strange supermarket there. 3. In your opinion, what would be the â€Å"factors critical to the success of the retail industry in Viet Nam†? It is difficult to fit a successful international format directly and expect a similar performance in Vietnam. The lessons from multinationals expanding to new geographies also point to this. For example, Wal-Mart is highly successful in USA but the story is different in Asian countries like China. Therefore, it is important for a retailer to look at local conditions and insights into the local buying behavior before shaping the format choice. Considering the diversity in terms of taste and preferences prevailing in Vietnam, the retailers may go for experimentation to identify the winning format suited to different geographies and segments. For example, the taste in south is different from that in north and this brings challenges to the retailers. Therefore, most of grocery retailers are region centric at this point in time. // may indirect There are some key ways to develop modern market formats. The first, Try and Error mean that a number of retailers are in a mode of experimentation and trying several formats which are essentially the representation of retailing concepts to fit into the consumer mind space. The second, Increasing Acceptance of Rural Markets to exploit mass and potential market // In my opinion, there are two factors critical to the success of the retail industry in Viet Nam. The first factor is that our country’s economy is developing day by day, this lead to change in lifestyle and increase income. Therefore, lever of expenditure is getting higher and the ways to sell and buy is forwarding to the international market formats. The second is that the government of Vietnam gradually reduces barriers of trade by  imposing some laws to favor more foreign investors and also removing some absolute laws. Moreover, Viet Nam has been a member of the WTO since 11 January 2007, this means that it has to play following the same rules and the same trade environment. This offers large and bright road for retailers to dominate in potential retail market in Viet Nam. QUESTION 4: Refer to the communication model described in class, and use two locally available brands of FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods), one Vietnamese and the other foreign. Describe, in details, how each brand goes through the elements of the model in their communication with their respective audiences. In your opinion, which one does a better job at communicating, and why? Coca-cola is the most famous brand in the world. It firstly introduced to Vietnamese in 1960 and then immediately received impression from people. After 34 years absenting, in 1994 Coca-cola turned back to Viet Nam as a symbol of America and the number one of producing carbonated beverage in the world. Basing on advantages of famous brand, Coca-cola made a great marketing plan to penetrate in Viet Nam. With this strategy is to create differences and diversities, Coca-cola now holds 65% market share and provides around 25000 jobs for Vietnamese. The question is that how can Coca-cola reach to these achievements when it came to Viet Nam later than Pepsi, the strongest competitor in Viet Nam; when the biggest competitor, Pepsi, has already set up factories and distribution channels completely throughout the country. It may find out some answers to this question in marketing strategies of those. Moreover, in cognitive stage, Coca-cola wants to transmit a messages â€Å"Serve all people†, so Coca-cola uses a great strategy marketing to inform, persuade and remind people. Advertising is the most powerful weapon that Coca-cola used to get potential customers’ attention. It is difficult to find corporations which really fund for advertisements a budget equaling to costs of production, but Coca-cola do this for polishing its brand. Its purpose is to put in consumers’ mind an image of drinking, which is number  one, which is healthy, which is friendly with environment and so on. With young people who are active, enthusiastic; who willing to try different things, Coca-cola used effervescent and provocative advertising clips included a short slogan, which may satisfy ego-centric trends of youth. Moreover, it is wise and creative to use images generating family atmosphere, the most important element in Viet Nam’ value system. Coca-cola has been doing it well by using the box of 24 bottles or cans, which is decorated swallows, happy family, peach tree, cake and something else related to Tet festival in Viet Nam. This creates in consumer’s mind loving, warm family atmosphere, which in turn put in mind images of relationship between Coca-cola and Tet deeply. Because Tet is very important day of Vietnamese, so Coca-cola usually launches large-scale advertising campaign throughout Viet Nam territory. Especially, a series of items, with new packing, style, and attractive colors, were introduced in â€Å"Happiness Factory† in 2009 Tet. In the affective and behavior stages, the customers really engage in activities to create their interest and desire of buying coke. Coca-cola uses very creatively diversity ways such as Money off coupon, Competitions, Free gifts, Point of sales materials and so on. It always chooses one or combined ones for specific or regular time to be launched. It seems that you have to be seen Coca-cola brand or related things every day. On the newspaper or television, on the billboards or posters, on the way you go to work or come back home, or even in the toilet you may see its logos. It is designed to draw in your perception without annoying you. For example, Coca-cola give you free of five style cups, which are printed its logo, in each box of 24 cans you buy. Sometimes you may be engaged in a game of collecting lids to win a car, television or valuable prizes. Understanding an extremely passion of Vietnamese about football, Coca-cola usually hold big programs in the important football events. From donating for the national football team to creating crazy fan club, from some games for prizes to some products for souvenir, all are launched professionally. Sometimes, Coca-cola becomes a major sponsor for a football contest. Coca-cola is usually willing to fund for community campaigns: supporting for  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cleaning international beach† program in Do Son, collaborating with UNDP to launch the program namely â€Å"Cleaning Water for community in Vietnam† and especially its â€Å"Everest Challenge† program in long-term strategy call Live Positively. By using friendly and profitable public programs, Coca-cola makes the relationships with public closer day by day. In the competitive strategy with Pepsi to penetrate in market, Coca-cola uses mobile means such as bicycle, small store to move everywhere for selling and introducing products. Likewise, Vinamilk is one of successful company in Viet Nam in communication with customers. In the cognitive stage, customers, who are almost children, be attracted by a funny, friendly image of milk cows. Vinamilk wants to transmit to customers a message that â€Å"this milk is made from pure milk of cows and sterilized†. By using a lot of images related to farmers, cows, fields, families, and children, Vinamilk contributes to perception of customers that the products are friendly with environment, vital for health, and suitable for every family. In the affective and behavior stages, Vinamilk holds some sport events, become a sponsor for charity programs, especially almost those programs concentrate on poor children, who do not afford for going to school, who are suffering malnutrition and the other adversity situations. This move impresses children and their families to interest more, desire more, and of course, make a decision to purchase more products of Vinamilk. All things considered, I personally believe that Vinamilk does a better job at communicating with customers than Coca-cola in Vietnam. This is due to the ways Vinamilk informing, persuading and reminding are very friendly, funny, and close to its customers. It chooses the right image for right potential customers at the right time. The funny and lovely cow for the children is showed at school, children television programs, children sport events and so on. QUESTION 5: Consider Porter’s value chain and the holistic marketing orientation model. What implications do they have for marketing planning? How would you structure a marketing plan to incorporate some of their concepts? The marketing planning consists of analyzing market opportunities, selecting target markets, designing market strategies, developing marketing programs, and managing the marketing effort. In short, it outlines the specific actions you intend to carry out to interest potential customers and clients in your product or service and persuade them to buy the product or services you offer. On the other word, it shows how and what customer value is delivered. Therefore, Porter’s value chain and the holistic marketing orientation model help marketers to make a better marketing plan, which satisfies both customers and stakeholders. Firstly, Michael Porter of Harvard has proposed the value chain as a tool for indentifying ways to create more customer value. This model comprises a sequence of value-generated activities found to be common to a wide range of firms. A marketer can use this tool for determining what product features, prices and distributions are, how to utilize sales force, sales promotion, advertising, and other communication tools to announce and promote the product. For example, if the marketer wanted to make a new marketing plan, he or she would need to know core competencies of a company, which may be the current production process, distribution channels and sales approach. The value chain model supports the marketer for adjusting and identifying new product features in order to fit that capacities of production process (in Operations activity) and maximize a level of value that exceeds the cost of this activity, thereby resulting in a profit margin. Moreover, basing on current prices and distribution system (in Outbound Logistics activity), the marketer may determine whether to use current system or to launch new distribution channels. Finally, marketing and sales activities and service activities, which are described in value chain, help marketer find out solutions to promote and deliver product better. Whether a new advertising or sales promotion influence over the other activities in the organizational value chain? What is the most suitable support service to apply to this new product? What is about finance situation?. Looking from this picture, the marketer can make a marketing plan more efficiently and maximize the contributed value of each primary activities and support activities in value  chain model. Secondly, holistic marketing can help capture customer value and succeed by managing a superior value chain that delivers a high level of product quality, service and speed. Basing on value exploration activities, which show how can a company identify new value opportunities, so that marketers easily determine what the most profitable segments are. Next, value creation activities, which show how can a company efficiently create more promising new value offerings, help the marketer know who the customer admires, who they interact with and who influences them to craft new customer benefits. This generates a new idea for adding new features, which in turn increase competitive advantages†¦. QUESTION 6 : What brands and products do you feel successfully â€Å"speak to you† and effectively target your age group? Why? Which ones do not? What could they do better? There is a brand and product that made me impressively at the first sight, Heineken it is. I remembered that I saw a first short advertising clip of it on television several years ago. That was about 32 seconds of moment clip led audiences to experience different level of feelings. At the very beginning, it immediately captured your notice by a gentleman fishing for something in a massive freezing ice bucket with huge efforts and patient. It was very curious to want to know what he was looking for, so your eyes being attached on screen as the way advertiser’s want. Moreover, the melodious music of â€Å"Quando Quando Quando† song really conquered my ears and attention. â€Å"Tell me when will you be mine Tell me quando, quando, quando We can share a love divine Please don ´t make me wait again† After some seconds he picked up a bottle of beer with his blushing and trembling hand and then came to his group of two men, who had the same situation. In the last scenario of the clip, three men were looked very cold  with the bottle of Heineken beer in their hand. All things happened to me was no meaning except the curious, funny, and surprising feelings even though closing scene was showed with slogan: â€Å"Never settle for less†. It took me several minutes after to understand what had been happening, and I am sure that you have the same feelings too. You was put an image of Heineken in mind in the intelligent and interesting way. Thereafter, I began to be interested in searching for information about that beer, which owns and manages one of the world’s leading portfolios of beer brands and is one of the world’s leading brewers in terms of sales volume and profitability. Now, I am completely conquered, so whenever having a chance to drink beers I choose Heineken, which is really delicious beer. This clip also influences on the male, who are mature, by using three gentlemen to create good and respect brand of someone else when drinking this kind of beer. It is successful to position and segment target customers. All things considered, there is no need to launch a large-scale and professional marketing campaign order to inform, persuade and remind me, just needs one 32 seconds of advertising clip is enough. On the other hand, there are some brands and products which do not impress me. ThongNhat bicycle is one of them. In the past, possessing a ThongNhat bicycle was an honor of many people, but now it was defeated in its home. Why? There are many main reasons for this consequence. Firstly, its styles are poor and tradition which do not attract the major customers, who are students tending to fashionable trends. Secondly, its price is quite high compared to same kinds of bicycles and a level of living of almost Vietnamese. Finally, its advertising and sales promotion are not good, it seems that you rarely see it on television except through a word of mouth. In contrast, there are many kinds of China bicycle importing in Viet Nam. These ones meet almost requirements of students in particular and Vietnamese in general. China bicycles are very stylish, fashion and the prices are quite cheap, which are all things ThongNhat needed to consider if it would want to develop and get back its golden age. QUESTION 7 : Consider the lifetime value of customers (CLV). What does the concept refer to? Design an example to support your understanding of the concept. The lifetime value of a customer is a measure of the value of the customer to your business. It is the potential contribution of the customer to your business over a period of time. When you know the lifetime value of a customer, you have a benchmark for how much you would or should be willing to invest to acquire a customer. This means that you should see in the long-term to get potential customers instead of looking in the short-term with a high profit in advance. Therefore, concentrating on creating and maintaining relationships with customers, who will contribute to business’ profit by their loyalty, is very important for a business’ success. Toyota is one of the perfect examples for maintaining customer relationships and brands. It recently has announced to receive up to 2.17 million cars because of a brake fault. This move of Toyota shows not only its responsibility for safety of customers, but also its message that it wants to bring high-valued products and services and the most satisfying ownership experience. This is not the first time Toyota make a recall for some errors, so this can prove how powerful to know and correct fault honestly. Behind this action, Toyota firmly understands about what will happen if one of its clients gets an accident because of that fault. What is more, 2.17 clients and even more will be very satisfied and impressed by this honest and responsible service. It is the beginning point for creating lifetime value of customer when those clients say to their children or friends about this, which in turn to contribute more potential customers to businesses. From generation after generation, those who are willing to buy Toyota car for all their lives. This is the way Toyota generates profits when knowing clearly lifetime value of customer concept. QUESTION 8 : As you have learned, everything can be marketed. Think of yourself, and define and discuss yourself in terms of the 4Ps. It is a reality that everything can be marketed and people in general and myself in particular are not exception. In term of the 4Ps, I myself was considered to be a product for sale. Firstly, regarding to Product concept, with a certificate of information technology engineer and several experiment years, I can offer a labor market capacities of researching, analyzing, and designing information systems, especially the management systems in the financial and accounting fields. Moreover, my English skills are quite good enough for working at international environment. I also can work in high pressure, challenge and creative tasks. In term of service concept, I am patient enough to keep up with a long time project, humor enough to break a tension of someone, humble enough to learn from anyone, compassionate enough to help the others as much as possible, and positive enough to believe that the legend world is true. Secondly, Promotion means that customers have to be made aware of the product. On the other word, I have to do something to inform, persuade and remind the labor markets that who I am, what I can offer and how I can deliver my values. It may be a solution to advertize on some working websites, send curriculum vitae to my friends or go to a company order to introduce myself. Especially, I can involve in some scandals for purpose of noticing the others and media as the way some super stars have done. Thirdly, pricing me is quite difficult and sensitive. The price must be high enough to cover costs (tuition, cost of living, costs of job application) and make profits (salary, bonus) but low enough to attract employers. There are a number of possible pricing strategies. The most commonly used are: PENETRATION PRICING – charging a low price, possibly not quite covering costs, to gain a position in the market. By using this method you can have more chance to get a job, and such opportunity may lead you to success. CREAMING – the opposite to penetration pricing, this involves charging a deliberately high price to persuade employers that the product is of high quality. COST PLUS PRICING – this is the most common form of pricing. Costs are totaled and a margin is added on for profit to make the total price. Finally, in term of Place concept, I am living in Hanoi city where I also want to work. Thus, it is convenient and suitable for the companies, which are located in Hanoi too, which are willing to buy my offers. QUESTION 9 : Colleges, universities and other organizations can be classified as service organizations. How can you apply the marketing principles developed in chapter 13 to Troy MBA? Do you have any advice as to how it could become a better service marketer? QUESTION 10 : Think of some of your favorite brands. Do you know where they come from? Where and how they are made or provided? Do you think knowing these answers would affect your perceptions of quality or satisfaction? Coca-cola is the most famous brand in the world. It firstly introduced to Vietnamese in 1960 and then immediately received impression from people. After 34 years absenting, in 1994 Coca-cola turned back to Viet Nam as a symbol of America and the number one of producing carbonated beverage in the world. Basing on advantages of famous brand, Coca-cola made a great marketing plan to penetrate in Viet Nam. With this strategy is to create differences and diversities, Coca-cola now holds 65% market share and provides around 25000 jobs for Vietnamese. In term of ingredients in Coca-cola, published versions say it contains sugar or high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, caffeine, phosphoric acid, coca extract, kola nut extract, lime extract, vanilla and glycerin. Alleged syrup recipes vary greatly. The basic â€Å"cola† taste from Coca-Cola and competing cola drinks comes mainly from vanilla and cinnamon; distinctive tastes among various brands are the result of trace flavorings such as orange, lime and lemon and spices such as nutmeg. Some natural colas also include cola nut; Coca-Cola does not, and chemical testing reveals none. Because cocaine is naturally present in coca leaves, todays Coca-Cola uses spent, or treated, coca leaves, those that have been through a cocaine extraction process, to flavor the beverage. The coca leaves are imported from countries like Peru and Bolivia, and they are treated by chemical company Stepan, which then sells the de-cocainized residue to Coca-Cola. Some contend that this process cannot extract all of the cocaine alkaloids at a molecular level, and so the drink still contains trace amounts of the stimulant. The  Coca-Cola Company currently refuses to comment on the continued presence of coca leaf in Coca-Cola. To this day, Coca-Cola uses a United States license to purify the coca leaf for medicinal use. (sources: Wikipedia). Advertising is the most powerful weapon that Coca-cola used to get potential customers’ attention. It is difficult to find corporations which really fund for advertisements a budget equaling to costs of production, but Coca-cola do this for polishing its brand. Its purpose is to put in consumers’ mind an image of drinking, which is number one, which is healthy, which is friendly with environment and so on. With young people who are active, enthusiastic; who willing to try different things, Coca-cola used effervescent and provocative advertising clips included a short slogan, which may satisfy ego-centric trends of youth. Moreover, it is wise and creative to use images generating family atmosphere, the most important element in Viet Nam’ value system. Coca-cola has been doing it well by using the box of 24 bottles or cans, which is decorated swallows, happy family, peach tree, cake and something else related to Tet festival in Viet Nam. This creates in consumer’s mind loving, warm family atmosphere, which in turn put in mind images of relationship between Coca-cola and Tet deeply. Because Tet is very important day of Vietnamese, so Coca-cola usually launches large-scale advertising campaign throughout Viet Nam territory. Especially, a series of items, with new packing, style, and attractive colors, were introduced in â€Å"Happiness Factory† in 2009 Tet. Coca-cola uses very creatively diversity ways such as Money off coupon, Competitions, Free gifts, Point of sales materials and so on. It always chooses one or combined ones for specific or regular time to be launched. It seems that you have to be seen Coca-cola brand or related things every day. On the newspaper or television, on the billboards or posters, on the way you go to work or come back home, or even in the toilet you may see its logos. It is designed to draw in your perception without annoying you. For example, Coca-cola give you free of five style cups, which are printed its logo, in each box of 24 cans you buy. Sometimes you may be engaged in a game of collecting lids to win a car, television or valuable prizes. Understanding an extremely passion of Vietnamese about football, Coca-cola usually hold  big programs in the important football events. From donating for the national football team to creating crazy fan club, from some games for prizes to some products for souvenir, all are launched professionally. Sometimes, Coca-cola becomes a major sponsor for a football contest. Coca-cola is usually willing to fund for community campaigns: supporting for â€Å"Cleaning international beach† program in Do Son, collaborating with UNDP to launch the program namely â€Å"Cleaning Water for community in Vietnam† and especially its â€Å"Everest Challenge† program in long-term strategy call Live Positively. By using friendly and profitable public programs, Coca-cola makes the relationships with public closer day by day. In the competitive strategy with Pepsi to penetrate in market, Coca-cola uses mobile means such as bicycle, small store to move everywhere for selling and introducing products. This is in its mission â€Å"Server all people†. In conclude, I personally think that if customers knew about where products come from, how products are made, and how products are provided or delivered, they would understand more about products. This makes customers use those products more efficiently, which in turn contribute better image to customers’ perception and satisfy their requirements.

Treatment and Interventions for Osteoarthritis

Treatment and Interventions for Osteoarthritis INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis is very common among the old age people. It is also termed as wear and tear arthritis as it occurs when the protective cartilage, surrounding the bones, wears and tears down. In the present case study, an old woman, 87 years of age, is admitted into the hospital as she was found near her bed. Although she was lucid and conscious, she was incapable to walk on her own. This report studies intensively the case of Mrs. Mabel and outlines the problems faced by patients like her, who have had past history of osteoarthritis. The report also identifies the potential treatment options and the interventions necessary in such cases. ASSESSMENT The two basic nursing assessment tools for assessing the health condition of Mrs. Mabel are the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). In the former, an intensive analysis of pain including its location, history and interference with activities (Seyed K. Malakouti et al. 2006). The pain is recorded on a scale of 10, with 0 representing no pain and 10 representing pain as bad as you can imagine. The latter tool was designed to assess the depression score in the older patients. Score 11 or greater than 11indicates severe depression. This tool has screening efficiency as it relies on affective rather than the physical symptoms (Tito Mendoza 2006). CLIENT’s HEALTH PROBLEMS Studying the case of Mrs. Mabel, it is evident that the three health problems related to her are the inflammation, severe joint pain and cold and cough. Inflammation occurs when the chemicals from the body are released to the site of infection or injury. Mrs. Mabel was found to have inflammation in her lower leg i.e. swelling and persistent pain, possibly due to leakage of fluid into the tissues. Since cold and cough is generally a symptom in every old patient, in case of Mrs. Mabel it is important to treat the joint inflammation first, followed by the pain and eventually the medications for addressing cough and cold. The pain in osteoarthritis is generally caused when the wear and tear of the cartilage, that surrounds the joint, is to a great extent, such that the ligaments and the tendons are completely stretched out, causing pain. The cartilage acts as a shock absorber and also reduces friction in the joints. Lastly, since we know that Mrs. Mabel had been a smoker in the past, the chances of suffering from cold and cough are pretty high. It is therefore necessary to address the inflammation first, so that the pain in that area is comparatively reduced and then give pharmacological or non pharmacological assistance in reducing the pain in other joints as well. To ensure safe and quality care of Mrs. Mabel, these problems should be addressed in accordance with their priorities. The age factor of Mrs. Mabel should also be taken into consideration as many treatment options, even most of the medications, will prove to be harmful for her age. She should be given the support to move along and also be encouraged to participate in daily activities. GOALS The major goals of osteoarthritis treatment include alleviation of pain and restoring the normal functioning of the person. Since Mrs.Mabel has a serious pain issue such that she complains about it frequently and it is hampering her normal being, it is important to address and treat her pain and reduce her discomfort. Another goal should be to restore her normal functioning. As we know that the right leg of Mrs. Mabel is comparatively shorter than the left leg, she faces problem in moving around and needs a constant support to assist her mobility. Therefore, it is important to address the inflammation in her lower leg and prevent its reoccurrence. To address these goals, the patient generally receives both pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment, the former comprising of drugs and NSAIDs, while the latter comprising of therapies and the physical exercises. Surgical interventions have also suggested that if the joints are severely damaged, then the only option available for treatment is the partial or complete replacement of the joint. INTERVENTIONS The first and the foremost goal is to relieve pain and that can be mediated by psychological intervention techniques like providing education through various programs, coping skills training (CST) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). These techniques help in enhancing self efficacy, help in managing stress, reduce helplessness and catastrophizing. Most patients have easy access to the basic medical care but the psychological aspects are generally neglected. The most commonly used educational intervention is the community based Arthritis Self Management Program, which targets the self efficacy skills and helps in management of arthritis symptoms (Catherine Backman 2006). On the other hand, CBT and CST approaches include cognitive and behavioral exercises like guided imagery or relaxation, changing activity patterns, etc. These exercises help in active coping and alleviation of pain in the osteoarthritis’ patients. The second goal is t restore the normal functioning of the joints and this can be achieved by rehabilitation program that helps in motion of the knee and thereby reduces pain also. The patient is advised to do regular exercises including heel prop exercises, prone hang exercises and also the towel extension stretches. These exercises help in knee extension which is opposite and equal to the normal knee. If the patients do not receive any help from this exercise regime then a hyperextension device (Elite Seat, manufactured by the kneebourne Therapeutic) can be used along with other devices that are used for extension purposes (K. Donald Shelbourne 2007). The rehabilitation program also aims in educating the patients about their daily habits and they should change them in order to relieve tension on the knee and relax. Certain aerobic exercises like bike, stair stepping machine or elliptical machines are also the part of the program. The patients are also encouraged to maintain complet e motion so that the non pharmacological approach provides relief that is permanent as compared to the relief obtained via pharmacological drugs and other analgesics (K. Donald Shelbourn 2007). DISCHARGE There are various problems faced by the elderly patients post discharge after getting the treatment for osteoarthritis done. Like in case of Mrs. Mabel, even after getting the surgery for arthritis done, she still complains of persistent pain in her legs. Post discharge issues generally include comorbid physical health problems, depression, and limitation in the functional capacity and improper dietary regulation (T. James 2005). Among all the patients of osteoarthritis, majority of them report persistent pain, even after the surgery. Another issue is the tight check on the weight because osteoarthritis can be severely influenced by obesity and can prove fatal. Next problem or issue faced by the patients post discharge is the intake of medications on a regular basis. Post discharge medications like Acetaminophen and NSAIDs are generally given to the patients. The former is used to reduce pain if taken in prescribed dose and the latter helps in providing relief from swelling and the p ain due to it. Apart from the medications, the doctors generally advise regular physiotherapy exercises that will help in keeping the join in motion and gradually provide the necessary extension to the joints such that the normal functioning is restored. Therefore there are many issues governing the discharge from the hospital. In order to address these issues it important to discuss the problems with the health care specialist first. Older people find it very difficult to cope with the pain and the reduced mobility. They have to keep themselves dependent on various analgesics and the anti inflammatory medicines that help in relieving pain and providing the necessary comfort. In case of Mrs. Mabel she was detected with an inflammation on her lower leg. Likewise, post discharge, there is high risk of inflammation, blood clots and swelling. Even after being treated, the patient may encounter situations of helplessness and depression, which may arise as a result of incapability to part icipate in the routine or daily activities and thereby developing high levels of anxiety. In order to avoid or prevent these issues, the family must take the responsibility of their older loved ones, once they are discharged. Their support, care and continuous monitoring will enable the patients to cope with the prevailing situation and help in quick recovery. CONCLUSION This report gives a detailed description about the symptoms, causes and the crises faced by Mrs. Mabel. It outlines the major interventions and strategies that will her cope with her situation. Techniques like education through various programs, coping skills training (CST) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), work on the psychological aspect of the patient. Along with these the rehabilitation regime also aids in helping the patient by reducing pain and swelling. The major goals of the patient care have also been outlined in this report like the goals of alleviating the pain and restoring the normal functioning of the joints. To summarize, this report is important as it throws light on the condition of the patient and the necessary plan of action that is adopted for the care. It also draws attention towards the post discharge problems, that the patient will face and lists out the strategies that can help and address those issues.

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the hardest form of punishment enforced in the United States today. It is a controversial issue that continues to be debated by the American public. Most of the factors people do not agree on the issue of Capital punishment is immoral and for this reason should not be allowed in our society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, there are many reasons for the support of Capital punishment. Capital punishment protects the innocent of society against the violence of criminals. Capital punishment deters crime and helps create peaceful conditions for our society. Capital punishment also serves the purpose of justice for the victims of the crimes. Furthermore, people believe that death penalty reduces serious crimes. Although there are many effective reasons supporting the death penalty, many people still deem that Capital punishment should be abolished because it is cruel, inhumane and barbaric. Moreover, the possibility of innocent death is always there. In addition, some people believe that the most effective punishment to deter crimes is life sentence, not Capital punishment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, Capital Punishment is cruel and unusual punishment. Once a jury has convicted a person, they go to the second part of the trial, the punishment phase. If the jury recommends the death penalty and the judge agrees, the criminal will face some form of execution and then a life is ended. The death pena...

Critique Of The Cabinet Of Dr. Caligari Essay examples -- essays resea

Critique Of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari was written by Hans Janowitz and Carl Mayer, and directed by Robert Weine. It was produced in 1919 by Erich Pommer for Decla-Bioscop. 1919 was a year in which the movie industry was transformed into a giant industry. Although the movie was produced in 1919, it was not released in the United States until 1921. A time when film makers were out to prove that film was indeed art. In the year 1921 525 films were released out of those 525, 50 still exist today, one of those 50 is The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. At the time of its release in America, horror films were virtually unheard of because filmakers felt that the subject matter was tasteless or even repulsive, not to mention di...

Restorative Justice, Social Capital, and Authentic Leadership Essay

There is a prodigious need for leaders – authentic leaders to facilitate the process of building relationships and resolving conflicts in a more effective manner as affirmative models in the capacities served. Leadership of all kinds has been coming under unprecedented attack. The inability to effectively resolve conflict is an issue impacting the relationships of past and current leaders of all realms. Opposed to using conflicts and/or crises as an opportunity to rise above the issues – becoming solution-oriented beacons for others, leaders either inappropriately fight back; hope that time will heal all wounds (conflicts); ignore the issue(s) at hand; or make unnecessary changes that further damages relationships and credibility. In an ever changing global society, authentic leaders have a great influence to empower and provide individuals with the necessary tools to resolve conflict; building social capital. Social capital is defined by making connections with one another, and keeping them going over time, people are able to work together to achieve things that they either could not achieve by themselves, or could only achieve with great difficulty (Falk & Kilpatrick, 2000). The definition of social capital intertwines with the meaning of empowerment. The state of our society is an image of the quality of our leadership. To build social capital, meaningful relationships must be established that foster accountability, competencies (resources and skills), and safety. A paradigm shift occurs when community infringements are no longer viewed only as having a punitive outcome but rather a continual restorative relationship to repair the detriment. In taking a restorative approach, authentic leadership flourishes from the w... ...Bass. Falk, I. & Kilpatrick, S. (2000). What is social capital? A study of a rural community. Socialogia Ruralis, 1(40), pp. 87-110. Gardner, J. (1990). The Nature and Tasks of Leadership. In J. T. McMahon (Ed.), Leadership Classics (pp. 171-175). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. George, B. (2007). True North: Discover your Authentic Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. George, B. (2010). Authentic Leadership. In J.T. McMahon (Ed.), Leadership Classics (pp. 574-583). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. Grootaert, C., Narayan, D., Jones, V. N., & Woolcock, M. (2004). Measuring Social Capital: An Integrated Questionnaire. Washington: The World Bank. Hutchinson, M. S. (2000). Restorative justice, voluntary action and social capital: a perspective from Northern Ireland. In the Fourth International Conference of The International Society for Third Sector Research.

The Relationship Between An Organization, Its Environment And Affiliation To Globalization In Today’s Modern Economy.

This essay is based on organisation ‘s internal and external environment in today ‘s modern economic system. It besides discusses the drivers of globalisation and effects of globalisation on organisation ‘s environment. First, it is of import to understand the definition of globalisation as there are many definitions. Second, the drivers of globalisation are discussed in this essay including the history, purpose and function of World Trade Organization. Further, the relationship between organisation ‘s internal and external environment in planetary market is analyzed. It besides highlights the alterations that organisations have to confront when traveling planetary. However, it is really ambitious as an organisation can command their internal environment but can non command the external environment. An early description of globalisation was penned by the American entrepreneur-turned-minister Charles Taze Russell who coined the term & A ; lsquo ; Corporate Giants ‘ in 1897. However, it was non until the sixtiess that the term began to be widely used by economic experts and other societal scientists. It had achieved widespread usage in the mainstream imperativeness by the ulterior half of the 1980s. Since its origin, the construct of globalisation has inspired legion viing definitions and readings. Globalization refers to the displacement towards a more incorporate and mutualist universe economic system. Globalization has several different aspects including the globalisation of markets and globalisation of merchandises ( Hill, 2004 ) .Globalization has led to progressively incorporate markets across the universe, altering the competitory environment in which houses operate. In the face of international competition in domestic and foreign markets, the least productive houses may be forced into bankruptcy while the most productive 1s will take advantage of new concern chances in foreign markets ( IMF ) . Globalization attracts increasing involvement and importance in modern-day universe personal businesss. It besides inspires passionate protagonists and critic ( BBC ) . Globalization is the procedure of increasing the connectivity and mutuality of the universe ‘s markets and concerns. This procedure has speeded up dramatically in the last two decennaries as technological progresss make it easier for people to go, pass on, and do concern internationally. In general, as economic systems become more affiliated to other economic systems, they have increased chance but besides increased competition. Therefore, as globalisation becomes a more and more common characteristic of universe economic sciences, powerful pro-globalization and anti-globalization anterooms have arisen. The pro-globalization anteroom argues that globalisation brings approximately mu ch increased chances for about everyone, and increased competition is a good thing since it makes agents of production more efficient ( investorwords, 2009 ) . The two most outstanding pro-globalization organisations are the World Trade Organization and the World Economic Forum. The World Trade Organization is a pan-governmental entity ( which presently has 144 members ) that was set up to explicate a set of regulations to regulate planetary trade and capital flows through the procedure of member consensus, and to oversee their member states to guarantee that the regulations are being followed. The World Economic Forum, a private foundation, does non hold decision-making power but enjoys a great trade of importance since it has been effectual as a powerful networking forum for many of the universe ‘s concern, authorities and not-profit leaders. The anti-globalization group argues that certain groups of people who are deprived in footings of resources are non presently capable of working within the increased competitory force per unit area that will be brought about by leting their economic systems to be more affiliated to the remainde r of the universe. Important anti-globalization organisations include environmental groups like Friends of the Earth and Greenpeace ; international assistance organisations like Oxfam ; 3rd universe authorities organisations like the G77 ; concern organisations and trade brotherhoods whose fight is threatened by globalisation like the U.S. fabrics and European farm anteroom, every bit good as the Australian and U.S. trade brotherhood motions. There are four chief elements and drivers of globalisation: globalisation of markets, globalisation of production, engineering invention and falling of barriers to merchandise and investing which is analyzed in more depth including the function and purpose of WTO. Globalization of markets refers to the meeting of national markets into one immense planetary market place. Now selling internationally is easier due to falling barriers to cross-border trade. A company does n't hold to be the size of these transnational giants to ease and profit from the globalisation of markets. It is of import to offer a standard merchandise to the worldwide. But really important differences still exist between national markets like consumer gustatory sensations, penchants, legal ordinances, cultural systems. These differences require that marketing schemes in order to fit the conditions in a state. Globalization of production refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the universe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production. The thought is to vie more efficaciously offering a merchandise with good quality and low cost. For illustration, Nike is considerate one of the taking sellers of athletic places and dress on the universe. The company has some abroad mills where has achieved a ace production with low cost. Unfortunately Nike has been a mark of protest and relentless accusals that its merchandises are made in sweatshops with hapless working conditions. The company has signaled a committedness to bettering working conditions, but in malice of the fact, the onslaughts continue. Technological alterations have achieved progresss in communicating, information processing, and transit engineering, including the Internet and the World Wide Web ( World Wide Web ) . The most of import invention has been development in the microprocessors after that planetary communications have been revolutionized by developments in orbiter, optical fibre, and radio engineerings, and now the Internet and the World Wide Web. The rapid growing of the cyberspace and the associated World Wide Web is the latest look of this development. Besides, inventions have occurred in the field of the transit engineering. The development of commercial jet aircraft has reduced the clip needed to acquire from one location to another. Now New York is closer to Tokyo than of all time. Another illustration of technological alteration would be web sites such as ebay.com where any single can sell any point to anyone in the universe ; it is basically the biggest garage sale of all time. A 3rd illustration of technological alteration would be production ; in the 1900s people were doing merchandises mostly by manus. Today, machines can flog out a twelve jumpers in an hr and do them higher quality. This manner the planetary market can demand more merchandises at a higher quality. The falling of barriers to international trade enables houses to see the universe as their market. The lowering of barrier to merchandise and investings besides allows houses to establish production at the optimum location for that activity. Therefore, a house might plan a merchandise in one state, produce a constituent parts in two other states, assemble the merchandise in another state and so export the finished merchandise around the universe. The lowering of trade barriers has facilitated the globalisation of production. The grounds besides suggests that foreign direct investing is playing an increasing function in the planetary economic system. For illustration, Panama is now allowed to merchandise Pharmaceuticals, nutrients, and school supplies without enduring a duty. Besides, any other import is capable to merely a 5 % duty as opposed to the old 8 % . Decreasing and lowering of the trade and investing hurdlings internationally is one of the of import grounds of globalisation. After the constitution of the universe trade organisation in which many states participated due to the free trade understandings in the states around the universe. After the constitution of GATT ( General Agreement of Tariff and Trade ) it is the trade understanding between the states that are willing to transport the free trade around the universe. The purpose of these duties was to protect the local industries of those states. But now the bookmans of prosperity have though that the universe would be become more peaceable and good topographic point to populate in when all the states and their representatives coordinate with each other. The benefit of this is to the states who do non hold much beginning to use their resources so that they can pull the big foreign investing in their states. The WTO provides a forum for negociating understandings aimed at cut downing obstructions to international trade and guaranting a flat playing field for all, therefore lending to economic growing and development. The WTO besides provides a legal and institutional model for the execution and monitoring of these understandings, every bit good as for settling differences originating from their reading and application. The current organic structure of trade understandings consisting the WTO consists of 16 different many-sided understandings ( to which all WTO members are parties ) and two different plurilateral understandings ( to which merely some WTO members are parties ) . Over the past 60 old ages, the WTO, which was established in 1995, and its predecessor organisation the GATT have helped to make a strong and comfortable international trading system, thereby lending to unprecedented planetary economic growing. The WTO presently has 153 members, of which 117 are developing states or separate imposts districts. WTO activities are supported by a Secretariat of some 700 staff, led by the WTO Director-General. The Secretariat is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and has an one-year budget of about CHF 200 million ( $ 180 million, ˆ130 million ) . The three functionary linguistic communications of the WTO are English, French and Spanish. Decisions in the WTO are by and large taken by consensus of the full rank. The highest institutional organic structure is the Ministerial Conference, which meets approximately every two old ages. A General Council conducts the organisation ‘s concern in the intervals between Ministerial Conferences. Both of these organic structures comprise all members. Specialized subordinate organic structures ( Councils, Committees, Sub-committees ) , besides consisting all members, administer and supervise the execution by members of the assorted WTO understandings.More specifically, the WTO ‘s chief activities are:negociating the decrease or riddance of obstructions to merchandise ( import duties, other barriers to merchandise ) and holding on regulations regulating the behavior of international trade ( e.g. antidumping, subsidies, merchandise criterions, etc. )administrating and supervising the application of the WTO ‘s agreed regulations for trade in goods, trade in services, and trade-related rational belongings rightsmonitoring and reexamining the trade policies of our members, every bit good as guaranting transparence of regional and bilateral trade understandingssettling differences among our members sing the reading and application of the understandingsedifice capacity of developing state authorities functionaries in international trade affairshelping the procedure of accession of some 30 states who are non yet members of the organisationcarry oning economic research and collection and circulating trade informations in support of the WTO ‘s other chief activitiesexplicating to and educating the populace about the WTO, its mission and its activities.The WTO ‘s initiation and guiding rules remain the chase of unfastened boundary lines, the warrant of most-favoured-nation rule and non-discriminatory intervention by and among members, and a committedness to transparence in the behavior of its activities. The gap of national markets to inter national trade, with justifiable exclusions or with equal flexiblenesss, will promote and lend to sustainable development, raise people ‘s public assistance, cut down poorness, and surrogate peace and stableness. At the same clip, such market gap must be accompanied by sound domestic and international policies that contribute to economic growing and development harmonizing to each member ‘s demands and aspirations. ( WTO, 2009 ) An organisation ‘s internal environment is composed of the elements within the organisation, including current employees, direction, and particularly corporate civilization, which defines employee behaviour. Besides organisation ‘s resources, its capablenesss and competences make up the internal environment of the organisation. The internal environment plays a important function in the strategic direction procedure of the organisation. ( Hill, 2004 ) Although some elements affect the organisation as a whole, others affect merely the director. A director ‘s philosophical or leading manner straight impacts employees. Traditional directors give expressed instructions to employees, while progressive directors empower employees to do many of their ain determinations. Changes in doctrine and/or leading manner are under the control of the director. To analyse the internal and external environment of an organisation SWOT analysis is carried out to place strengths, failings, chances and menaces. The Internal Analysis of strengths and weaknesses focal points on internal factors that give an organisation certain advantages and disadvantages in run intoing the demands of its mark market. Strengths refer to core competences that give the house an advantage in run intoing the demands of its mark markets. Any analysis of company strengths should be market oriented/customer focused because strengths are merely meaningful when they assist t he house in run intoing client demands. Weaknesses refer to any restrictions a company faces in developing or implementing a scheme. Failings should besides be examined from a client position because clients frequently perceive failings that a company can non see. The external environment in which an organisation operates nowadayss both menaces and chances. Growth or diminution in international trade, national protectionism and regional trading axis are some illustrations of the political and economic environment, which have considerable impact on the selling of the maritime industry. There are different ways of sorting the types of external environment that normally merely reflect the penchants of different writers, but there are some nucleus types which are ever identified. Your Kotler et Al. ( 2004 ) text provides a comprehensive categorization of the external environments, which it refers to as the macro-environment, as listed below: demographic environment, economic environment, natural environment, technological environment, political environment, cultural environment, technological environment, administrative/legal environment.Administrative/Legal EnvironmentThe administrative and legal environment in a state provides a model within which an organisation operates. In some states this environment is really restrictive and has important impact on all facets of the organisation ; in other states the administrative/legal context is more permissive. Understanding the administrative/legal environment is indispensable to finding if organisational alteration can take topographic point. The administrative context within which the organisation operates may be shaped by a alone combination of forces, including international, governmental, nongovernmental poli cy, legislative, regulative, and legal models. An organisation is affected by the policy or regulative context that gave rise to it. This includes specific Torahs and ordinances that support or inhibit the establishment ‘s development.Technology EnvironmentBoth the types and the degree of engineering in the society give penetration into understanding an establishment. Institutions covering with Western paradigms are dependent on the province of national substructure, e.g. power, H2O, conveyance ; those which concentrate on autochthonal research paradigms may hold wholly different dependences. Therefore, it is of import to understand the degree of relevant engineering in the institutional context and whether such engineering is defined by computing machine literacy or by extremely developed autochthonal methods of verbal and gestural communicating. It might besides be helpful for an appraisal to include a consideration of the procedure by which new engineering comes into usage, both to understand how hard it is to get needed research engineerings and to develop an grasp for the society ‘s willingness to encompass both new cognition and alteration.Political EnvironmentThe economic system and legal system of a state are shaped by its political system. As such, it is of import that organisations understand the nature of different political systems. Political system means system of authorities in a state. Political system can be assessed harmonizing to two related dimensions. The first the grade to which they emphasize Bolshevism as apposed to individuality. The 2nd dimension is the grade to which they are democratic or totalitarian. These dimensions are interrelated ; system that emphasize Bolshevism be given toward totalitarian, while system that place a high value on individuality tend to be democratic.Economic EnvironmentIn the economic environment, the organisational analysis should center on those facets of the economic system that straight impact the type of undertaking being considered. For illustration, rising prices, labour Torahs, and chance costs for research workers in public establishments straight impact organisational activities in different states. States with foreign currency limitations represent different environments for establishments than states without them, for such limitations have branchings for research, e.g. for equipment procurance and care.Social and Cultural EnvironmentsSocial and cultural forces at local, national, and frequently regional degrees have profound influence on the manner organisations conduct their work and on what they value in footings of results and effects. For illustration, the mores of an autochthonal civilization have a bearing on the work ethic and on the manner in which people relate to one another. Undoubtedly, the most profound cultural dimension is linguistic communication. The extent to which organisational members can take part in the discourse of the major scientific lin guistic communication will find the extent to which research attempts focus inside or lend to regional and planetary research dockets. Understanding the national/regional/local values toward larning and research provides insight into the type and nature of research that is valued. For illustration, what is the comparative precedence placed on contract research in partnership with local clients, e.g. proving merchandises and processs with autochthonal populations, as opposed to sharing information with academic equals internationally, or bring forthing biostatistician information that will determine national or regional policy. Arriving at these precedences involves culture-based determinations. Organizational architecture can be used by transnational endeavors to pull off and direct their planetary operations. To win, a house must fit its architecture to its scheme in different ways. Firms whose architecture does non suit their strategic demands will see public presentation jobs. It is besides necessary for the different constituents of architecture to be consistent with each other ( Hill, 2004 ) . Organizational architecture refers to the entirety of a house ‘s organisation, including formal organisational construction, control systems and inducements, procedures, organisational civilization, and people. An organisation should be able to analyse their internal environment including their capablenesss before they decide to travel planetary. It requires different know-how of the new geographical market and an organisation would necessitate to do necessary alterations in internal environment to come in the new geographical market successfully.hypertext transfer protocol : //www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopicwww.imf.orgwww.wto.orgwww.bbc.co.ukwww.Investorwords.com

My Job, My Education

Electronic mail, instant messages, electronic documents and all other electronic records are a part and parcel of the world we live in today.   These are invaluable assets, if not resources for most organizations nowadays.   Organizations are required to safeguard these assets, given that a large number of electronic documents carry very important information.   Many electronic documents are also required by law, especially after the infamous accounting scandals that captured the headlines in the recent past.My organization, ABC, Inc., develops software products that capture, archive, and store all forms of electronic documentation and provide organizations with the ability to efficiently search and locate these documents on demand, should they be misplaced or deemed lost.   My major responsibilities on the job include designing software and orchestrating the development, quality assurance, and release activities; creating and maintaining the team project file, and managing t he time and resources for an ongoing project; and evaluating the evolving risks and communicating them to the upper management on a regular basis.An organization’s strategy is the foundation for the actions that its employees take to reach its goals.   This strategy must be aligned with the organization’s mission.   My organization’s strategy happens to be quality improvement, which is aligned with its mission to deliver high quality software products to its customers.   As an employee of ABC, Inc., I am proud to have an impact on the organization strategy, given that all the employees of my organization use this strategy as  he foundation of their actions.   In addition, I work on quality assurance, and hence, the impact of my work on the organization strategy may be considered greater than that of many others.My decision-making ability with the organization is also quite high.   After all, I am held responsible for the management of time and resour ces on the project that the entire organization considers extremely important.   What is more, I evaluate risks and communicate them to the upper management.   My organization relies on my evaluations and decisions to a certain extent.My EducationTom Kozicki, Director of Marshall's MBA Career Resource Center at the University of Southern California, has said that â€Å"Regardless of what is going on in the economy, the need for an understanding and mastery of business fundamentals will never change.†Ã‚   Perhaps this need is inherent in us all!In May of 2000, a year before I graduated with Masters in Computer Science, I had to choose between job offers from a start up technology organization and a well known software giant.   I chose the start up company at the time to become its fifth employee!   This decision called for a variety of challenges, including long working hours.   Had I joined the already established and popular software firm with over ten thousand emp loyees and successful processes in place, I would not have faced the challenges that I faced in the new company.The reason why I opted for the start up company was that I felt that I needed to have hands on experience with all pieces and parts of a technology company at the beginning of my career.   This kind of experience was only possible with a new company that would have been willing to trust and initiate me into all of its processes.   I required the kind of attention that the good old software giant could not have allowed me to get.I have never regretted my decision because the company that I joined permitted me to work on almost every aspect of software business.   I grew with my company and gained most necessary skills to start a business venture of my own!One of the most important customers of my company was a Japanese firm by the name of Matsushita Electricals (MEW), deploying my company’s software in almost all Asian countries.   Working closely with this c lient made me understand the Asian work culture besides the growing importance of Asian markets.After I finished my startup experience, I joined a mid-sized organization with software development and testing teams based in India, China, and Japan.   I was fortunate once again, for this time I was able to not only interact with the Asian teams but also to lead an offshore team.Today, I foresee my own career moving in the direction of Asian-American business, initially from a technical lead perspective and ultimately in a leadership role within the software industry, preferably with another start up organization.   This thought process has evolved from my past experiences in the software industry, and my perspective of the evolution and growth of the industry itself.Keeping in view the direction in which my chosen industry is headed, I believe that immense windfall gains and comparative advantages are in store for US-trained/thinking business leaders and managers in the Asian mark ets in the coming years.   I therefore seek to accelerate my career with great enthusiasm, trusting that an MBA degree from XYZ University would provide me with the ramp for my career at the same time as I continue to grow in my organization.I completed my Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering from a reasonably reputed university in India before doing my Masters in Computer Science in the United States.   I know that I bring my rich culture and heritage with myself into the MBA program.   My technical and management experience with Asian and American businesses will certainly be of great help to my colleagues in the program.   What is more, I love to socialize and to share my ideas, enthusiasm and energy with others.   This, I believe, is of additional advantage to all the people I interact with.Bibliography1. MBACareers. â€Å"Up Close and Virtual Interviews with Leading B-School – The Marshall School, University of Southern California.† Available at http://ww w.mbacareers.com (26 January 2006).2.The Mihalik Group. 2005, â€Å"Organization Strategy and Goals.† Available at http://www.themihalikgroup.com/consult_org_strategy.html (26 January 2006).