Taliban Decrees and Prohibitions Against Women

Immediately on taking over cities and communities in Afghanistan, the Taliban imposed its law, based on an interpretation of Sharia  or Islamic  law that was stricter than in any part of the Islamic world. The interpretation is at wide variance from that of most Islamic scholars. With very minimal changes, what follows are the Taliban rules, decrees, and prohibitions as posted in Kabul and elsewhere in Afghanistan beginning in November and December 1996, and as translated from Dari by Western non-governmental agencies. The grammar and syntax ​follows the original. Those rules still prevail wherever the Taliban is in control – in vast parts of Afghanistan or in Pakistans Federally Administered Tribal Areas. On Women and Families Decree announced by the General Presidency of Amr Bil Maruf and Nai As Munkar (Taliban Religious Police), Kabul, November 1996. Women you should not step outside your residence. If you go outside the house you should not be like women who used to go with fashionable clothes wearing much cosmetics and appearing in front of every men before the coming of Islam. Islam as a rescuing religion has determined specific dignity for women, Islam has valuable instructions for women. Women should not create such opportunity to attract the attention of useless people who will not look at them with a good eye. Women have the responsibility as a teacher or coordinator for her family. Husband, brother, father have the responsibility for providing the family with the necessary life requirements (food, clothes etc). In case women are required to go outside the residence for the purposes of education, social needs or social services they should cover themselves in accordance with Islamic Sharia regulation. If women are going outside with fashionable, ornamental, tight and charming clothes to show themselves, they will be cursed by the Islamic Sharia and should never expect to go to heaven. All family elders and every Muslim have responsibility in this respect. We request all family elders to keep tight control over their families and avoid these social problems. Otherwise these women will be threatened, investigated and severely punished as well as the family elders by the forces of the Religious Police (Munkrat). The Religious Police have the responsibility and duty to struggle against these social problems and will continue their effort until evil is finished. Hospital Rules and Prohibitions Rules of work for the State Hospitals and private clinics based on Islamic Sharia principles. Ministry of Health, on behalf of Amir ul Momineet Mohammed Omar. Kabul, November 1996. 1. Female patients should go to female physicians. In case a male physician is needed, the female patient should be accompanied by her close relative. 2. During examination, the female patients and male physicians both will be dressed with Islamic . 3. Male physicians should not touch or see the other parts of female patients except for the affected part. 4. Waiting room for female patients should be safely covered. 5. The person who regulates turn for female patients should be a woman. 6. During the night duty, in what rooms which female patients are hospitalized, the male doctor without the call of the patient is not allowed to enter the room. 7. Sitting and speaking between male and female doctors are not allowed. If there be need for discussion, it should be done with hijab. 8. Female doctors should wear simple clothes, they are not allowed stylish clothes or use of cosmetics or make-up. 9. Female doctors and nurses are not allowed to enter the rooms where male patients are hospitalized. 10. Hospital staff should pray in mosques on time. 11. The Religious Police are allowed to go for control at any time and nobody can prevent them. Anybody who violates the order will be punished as per Islamic regulations. General Rules and Prohibitions General Presidency of Amr Bil Maruf. Kabul, December 1996. 1. To prevent sedition and female uncovers (Be Hejabi). No drivers allowed to pick up women who are using Iranian burqa. In case of violation the driver will be imprisoned. If such kind of female are observed in the street their house will be found and their husband punished. If the women use stimulating and attractive cloth and there is no accompany of close male relative with them, the drivers should not pick them up. 2. To prevent music. To be broadcasted by the public information resources. In shops, hotels, vehicles and rickshaws cassettes and music are prohibited. This matter should be monitored within five days. If any music cassette found in a shop, the shopkeeper should be imprisoned and the shop locked. If five people guarantee the shop should be opened the criminal released later. If cassette found in the vehicle, the vehicle and the driver will be imprisoned. If five people guarantee the vehicle will be released and the criminal released later. 3. To prevent beard shaving and its cutting. After one and a half months, if anyone is observed who has shaved and/or cut his beard, they should be arrested and imprisoned until their beard gets bushy. 4. To prevent keeping pigeons and playing with birds. Within ten days this habit/hobby should stop. After ten days this should be monitored and the pigeons and any other playing birds should be killed. 5. To prevent kite-flying. The kite shops in the city should be abolished. 6. To prevent idolatry. In vehicles, shops, hotels, room and any other places, pictures and portraits should be abolished. The monitors should tear up all pictures in the above places. 7. To prevent gambling. In collaboration with the security police the main centers should be found and the gamblers imprisoned for one month. 8. To eradicate the use of narcotics. Addicts should be imprisoned and investigation made to find the supplier and the shop. The shop should be locked and the owner and user should be imprisoned and punished. 9. To prevent the British and American hairstyle. People with long hair should be arrested and taken to the Religious Police department to shave their hair. The criminal has to pay the barber. 10. To prevent interest on loans, charge on changing small denomination notes and charge on money orders. All money exchangers should be informed that the above three types of exchanging the money should be prohibited. In case of violation criminals will be imprisoned for a long time. 11. To prevent washing cloth by young ladies along the water streams in the city. Violator ladies should be picked up with respectful Islamic manner, taken to their houses and their husbands severely punished. 12. To prevent music and dances in wedding parties. In the case of violation the head of the family will be arrested and punished. 13. To prevent the playing of music drum. The prohibition of this should be announced. If anybody does this then the religious elders can decide about it. 14. To prevent sewing ladies cloth and taking female body measures by tailor. If women or fashion magazines are seen in the shop the tailor should be imprisoned. 15. To prevent sorcery. All the related books should be burnt and the magician should be imprisoned until his repentance. 16. To prevent not praying and order gathering pray at the bazaar. Prayer should be done  on  their due times in all districts. Transportation should be strictly prohibited and all people are obliged to go to the mosque. If young people are seen in the shops they will be immediately imprisoned. 9. To prevent the British and American hairstyle. People with long hair should be arrested and taken to the Religious Police department to shave their hair. The criminal has to pay the barber. 10. To prevent interest on loans, charge on changing small denomination notes and charge on money orders. All money exchangers should be informed that the above three types of exchanging the money should be prohibited. In case of violation criminals will be imprisoned for a long time. 11. To prevent washing cloth by young ladies along the water streams in the city. Violator ladies should be picked up with respectful Islamic manner, taken to their houses and their husbands severely punished. 12. To prevent music and dances in wedding parties. In the case of violation the head of the family will be arrested and punished. 13. To prevent the playing of music drum. The prohibition of this should be announced. If anybody does this then the religious elders can decide about it. 14. To prevent sewing ladies cloth and taking female body measures by tailor. If women or fashion magazines are seen in the shop the tailor should be imprisoned. 15. To prevent sorcery. All the related books should be burnt and the magician should be imprisoned until his repentance. 16. To prevent not praying and order gathering pray at the bazaar. Prayer should be done on their due times in all districts. Transportation should be strictly prohibited and all people are obliged to go to the mosque. If young people are seen in the shops they will be immediately imprisoned.

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DaVinvi The last Supper Essay - 694 Words

The Last Supper has been and will be one of the most talked about works of Leonardo Da Vinci’s work of art. The work of art was started in 1495 and was completed in 1498; it contained the event depicted in the bible as the final days when Jesus announced that he would be betrayed by one of his twelve disciples.† Leonardo had chosen to depict the moment when Jesus says, â€Å"One of you will betray me†.1 The painting is located in the dining hall of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan Italy. The painting was commissioned by Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza. The painting it self has a massive presence of 15 feet high by 29 feet wide. Even though most facts stated that the painted was not completed until three years after it was started. It was also†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, the work of art The Last Supper was not able to stand the test of time. This untried method at the time caused the painting to begin deterioration within twenty year of completion. The outcome was that the pigment began to break loose from its base causing the masterpiece to decay over time. Most blame the brick wall it was painted on because of the changes in the wall due to temperature, humidity and moisture which all affected the pigments of paint and the base it was painted on. Many different design elements went into the work of The Last Supper. Elements such as one point perspective, chiaroscuro, lighting, and atmospheric perspective where used to create this art work. The one point perspective used Jesus’ head as the vantage point of the painting, which was also used as some say a source of light. The head of Jesus also seems to be a source of light for the whole painting. The head was placed in front of the largest window in the painting. In this window and other to the side of the one main one was the element atmospheric perspective, which used techniques such as brightness, manipulations of cool and warm colors, and color saturation, to show the depth of the painting. The techniques of chiaroscuro which is the gradual shifting from light to dark over curved surfaces using successive graduation of tones, it was mainly used on many of the faces and feet and arms of Jesus and his apostil’s. This was used to show the human like

HRM and Its Impact of HR Practise-Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Evidence-based HRM, a specific application of the broader term, evidence-based Management, is a cornerstone in this subject. Using at least two information sources from academic journals, explain what is meant by this term. Why is this Important in HR Practice? 2.Find any two internet written sources that you believe would be useful to Israel Tobin in persuading Mark French of the Strategic Value of the HR function in CERA. 3.Using the CRAP test, evaluate the two sources that you used above. Answers: 1.Evidence based HRM and its impact of HR practise: This process is in charge of making all the decisions and combines the critical thinking of business information with that of the evidence. The evidence based HRM is the professional decision maker. The decisions are made taking into context the high quality research and the evidence based HRM needs daily practise to learn the integration of HR practises of the organisation (Armstrong Taylor, (2014). The evidence based HRM allows the HR with an understanding of taking good decisions and make the practises, which actually work. There is no place of blind trust in any organisation and thus if the HR lacks knowledge then the organisation suffers a stagnant state. The good HR is brilliant in critical thinking and has a questioning mindset. The mindset offers them with exploring, understanding, testing the effectiveness of the decisions. This critical thinking in HR is inserted with the help of evidence based HRM practitioner. The evidence based HRM instigates the HR to think and make su ch decisions taking into context the evidence, which will affect the organisation in a positive way. The evidence based HRM is the base of a HR and HR is related to the organisational challenges and promotes practices using organisational facts and assessments (Marler Fisher, 2013). 2.Sources supporting Israel Tobins pitch: Israel Tobin proposed to imply innovative culture in their work design process, he has proposed the idea of inculcating innovation in work design to Mark French, and the executive team right after Mark showed him the Australian innovation system report, which states that no company is inculcating innovation in their work design (Samson Gloet, 2014). The two articles that support his pitch and inform about the importance of his idea are: McMurray, A. J., Islam, M., Sarros, J. C., Pirola?Merlo, A. (2013). Workplace innovation in a nonprofit organization.Nonprofit Management and Leadership,23(3), 367-388. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115208 The above two article support the pitch of Israel Tobin. Innovation management in an organisation is very important work of the HR. The two articles clearly denote that innovation in work place is very important to maintain the standards of the organisation (McMurray et al, 2013). The Australian innovation report clearly mentioned the missing innovation in every organisation including CERA. The role of HR in promoting the workplace innovation is very vital to foster a healthy work environment and get over the stagnant condition of the organisation (Pot, Totterdill Dhondt, 2016). Tobin can adopt motivational perspectives in CERA to emphasize the importance of innovation in the work place. Innovation in work place will help in the development of the employees mental satisfaction and provide them with a proper work place (Xerri, Brunetto, 2013). Innovation in work place and practising the evidence based HRM process will provide CERA with the thoughts of the customers (Borrs Edquist, 2014). Tobin believes that CERA is famous for its innovation strategy and it is right to work with an innovative strategy in a pilot place to check with the effectiveness of creativity and innovation in CERA. Innovation is always not about building new infrastructure, it is sometimes doing the same old things in a new way (Torugsa Arundel, 2016). 3.CRAP test: Currency: The two articles, which are chosen to support Israel Tobins thoughts about innovation, are current and yes, it is from an appropriate time. The articles were first published in the year of 2013 and 2014 respectively. The period is exactly matching to the needs of the discussion. These articles are not at all revised since then thus they are actually the one, which was first published. Reliability or relevancy: The two article has the accurate and original information and match exactly to Tobins comment on implying innovation in work design. Both the articles are about the importance of innovation in the work places and hence support the choice too. The author of the author has used some sources from which he has gathered the idea of the importance of innovation in the work place. Both the article has accurate and proper grammar and the information can be verified from the other given sources. The information in both the article is reliable and has relevance to the discussion. The articles discuss the importance of innovation in any work place taking into consideration any organisation and its employees. Authority: The source from which the information is found is appropriate and trustable. The authors of the first article are Adela J. McMurray, Md. Mazharul Islam, James C. Sarros and Andrew Pirola-Merlo and that of the second article is Sharon K. Parker. The publisher of the first article is Wiley online library and that of the second article are the official site of annual review of psychology. The URL of the first article ends with .com and that of the second article is .org. both the article contains the actual information about the impact of innovation in work place and its influence on the employees. Purpose: The authors motives behind the publishing of the resources are to validate the importance of creativity and innovation in the work place. The authors with the help of those resources want to inform the readers about innovation in work place and to inform them about what role does it play to improve the condition of the environment of the work place. The innovation and creativity is very important method, which provide the employees with a better work place and to the employees with a proper justification and idea about the customers view and thoughts about the organisation (Moran Porter Curth-Bibb, 2014).. The resources used in this writing have only links to buy the full access to the article and are sponsored by the resource itself. The authors are not biased as they clearly in a brief manner discuss only why work place innovation is needed and what changes will it make in the environment of the work place. Both the article states that innovation will provide the workplac e with a different and effective work environment. The work place innovation if adapted in CERA will provide them with an effective work place and will help them to bring critical thinking in their HR practises and practise more evidence based HRM process (Brunetto, 2013). Conclusion: The innovation in work place adapted by CERA can be like dividing the office in to two separate areas, first one will be the work area and the second one will be the communication or recreation zone. CERA can also bring innovation in their work place by scheduling some events once a week so that the employees get a chance to enjoy themselves and lessen their burden of work. Tobin can propose the executive team and the CEO to develop a practise of working in the field of any pilot area, which will not bore the employees and help them get interested in working. As Tobin have already thought about the idea of working on a pilot area and practise innovation there then they can give it a try to start with field work as many employees get bored of sitting and working in an office. The innovation in work place will help the employees get more attracted to their work and to office. References: Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Borrs, S., Edquist, C. (2014). Education, training and skills in innovation policy.Science and Public Policy,42(2), 215-227. Brunetto, Y., Xerri, M., Shriberg, A., Farr?Wharton, R., Shacklock, K., Newman, S., Dienger, J. (2013). The impact of workplace relationships on engagement, well?being, commitment and turnover in Australia and the USA.,69(12), 2786-2799. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115208 Marler, J. H., Fisher, S. L. (2013). An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), 18-36. McMurray, A. J., Islam, M., Sarros, J. C., Pirola?Merlo, A. (2013). Workplace innovation in a nonprofit organization.Nonprofit Management and Leadership,23(3), 367-388. Moran, M., Porter, D., Curth-Bibb, J. (2014).Funding Indigenous organisations: improving governance performance through innovations in public finance management in remote Australia. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare AIHW. Pot, F., Totterdill, P., Dhondt, S. (2016). Workplace innovation: European policy and theoretical foundation.World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development,12(1), 13-32. Samson, D., Gloet, M. (2014). Innovation capability in Australian manufacturing organisations: an exploratory study.International Journal of Production Research,52(21), 6448-6466. Torugsa, N. A., Arundel, A. (2016). The nature and incidence of workgroup innovation in the Australian public sector: evidence from the Australian 2011 state of the service survey.Australian Journal of Public Administration,75(2), 202-221. Xerri, M. J., Brunetto, Y. (2013). Fostering innovative behaviour: The importance of employee commitment and organisational behaviour.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(16), 3163-3177